魔物公寓
45.13M · 2026-03-13
我将从多个维度深入分析 PostgreSQL 开源内核的优化方向,包括现有瓶颈、具体改进策略和关键技术实现细节。
PostgreSQL 使用传统的火山模型,一次处理一个元组,CPU缓存利用率低,无法利用SIMD指令。
// src/include/executor/vector_executor.h
typedef struct VectorTupleTableSlot {
int capacity; // 向量容量(1024)
int ntuples; // 当前向量中的元组数
Datum **values; // 值数组(列式存储)
bool **nulls; // NULL标记数组
TupleDesc tupdesc; // 元组描述符
} VectorTupleTableSlot;
// 向量化扫描节点
typedef struct VecSeqScanState {
ScanState ss; // 继承扫描状态
VectorTupleTableSlot *vecslot; // 向量槽
int batch_size; // 批次大小
bool use_simd; // 是否使用SIMD
// SIMD处理函数
void (*filter_func_simd)(VectorTupleTableSlot *slot,
ExprState *qual,
bool *selected);
} VecSeqScanState;
// 批量获取元组
static VectorTupleTableSlot *
VecSeqScanNext(VecSeqScanState *node) {
TableScanDesc scan = node->ss.ss_currentScanDesc;
VectorTupleTableSlot *vecslot = node->vecslot;
// 清空当前批次
vecslot->ntuples = 0;
// 批量获取元组
while (vecslot->ntuples < node->batch_size) {
HeapTuple tuple = heap_getnext(scan, ForwardScanDirection);
if (!tuple)
break;
// 转换为向量格式
heap_deform_tuple_vector(tuple, vecslot, vecslot->ntuples);
vecslot->ntuples++;
}
// 向量化谓词过滤
if (node->use_simd && node->ss.ps.qual) {
bool selected[node->batch_size];
node->filter_func_simd(vecslot, node->ss.ps.qual, selected);
compact_selected_tuples(vecslot, selected);
}
return vecslot;
}
// 使用AVX-512指令集加速过滤
void filter_eq_simd_avx512(VectorTupleTableSlot *slot,
Datum constant,
int col_idx,
bool *selected) {
__m512i *col_data = (__m512i *)slot->values[col_idx];
__m512i const_vec = _mm512_set1_epi32(constant);
__mmask16 mask;
for (int i = 0; i < slot->ntuples; i += 16) {
// 加载16个值
__m512i vec = _mm512_loadu_si512(col_data + i/16);
// 比较相等
mask = _mm512_cmpeq_epi32_mask(vec, const_vec);
// 存储结果
_store_mask16(selected + i, mask);
}
}
PostgreSQL 优化器基于静态统计信息,无法在运行时调整计划。
// src/include/optimizer/adaptive_optimizer.h
typedef struct AdaptivePlanState {
PlanState ps; // 基础计划状态
Plan *original_plan; // 原始计划
Plan *alternative_plan; // 备选计划
int rows_processed; // 已处理行数
double actual_selectivity; // 实际选择性
double estimated_selectivity; // 估计选择性
bool need_switch; // 是否需要切换计划
// 运行时统计
Instrumentation *instrumentation;
} AdaptivePlanState;
// 运行时计划切换
static TupleTableSlot *
AdaptiveExecProcNode(AdaptivePlanState *node) {
// 检查是否达到切换阈值
if (node->rows_processed > SWITCH_THRESHOLD) {
double error_rate = fabs(node->estimated_selectivity -
node->actual_selectivity) /
node->estimated_selectivity;
if (error_rate > ERROR_THRESHOLD) {
// 切换到备选计划
ExecEndNode(&node->ps);
node->ps.lefttree = ExecInitNode(node->alternative_plan,
node->ps.state,
EXEC_FLAG_REWIND);
node->need_switch = false;
// 记录计划切换
elog(LOG, "Plan switched at %d rows, error rate: %.2f",
node->rows_processed, error_rate);
}
}
TupleTableSlot *slot = ExecProcNode(node->ps.lefttree);
if (!TupIsNull(slot)) {
node->rows_processed++;
// 更新实际统计
update_selectivity_estimation(node, slot);
}
return slot;
}
PostgreSQL 的JIT仅编译表达式,未扩展到完整算子。
// src/backend/jit/llvm/llvm_expr_compile.c
// 扩展到算子级JIT
LLVMValueRef
llvm_compile_plan_node(PlanState *planstate) {
// 1. 生成算子特定代码
switch (nodeTag(planstate)) {
case T_SeqScanState:
return llvm_compile_seqscan((SeqScanState *)planstate);
case T_HashJoinState:
return llvm_compile_hashjoin((HashJoinState *)planstate);
case T_AggState:
return llvm_compile_aggregation((AggState *)planstate);
}
return NULL;
}
// 编译SeqScan
LLVMValueRef
llvm_compile_seqscan(SeqScanState *seqstate) {
LLVMBuilderRef builder = llvm_get_builder();
LLVMValueRef function = llvm_create_function("jit_seqscan");
// 生成内联循环
LLVMBasicBlockRef entry = LLVMAppendBasicBlock(function, "entry");
LLVMBasicBlockRef loop = LLVMAppendBasicBlock(function, "loop");
LLVMBasicBlockRef exit = LLVMAppendBasicBlock(function, "exit");
LLVMPositionBuilderAtEnd(builder, entry);
// 循环头
LLVMBuildBr(builder, loop);
LLVMPositionBuilderAtEnd(builder, loop);
// 生成heap_getnext内联调用
LLVMValueRef tuple = llvm_inline_heap_getnext(seqstate);
// 条件判断
LLVMValueRef is_null = LLVMBuildICmp(builder, LLVMIntEQ,
tuple, llvm_const_null(), "is_null");
LLVMBuildCondBr(builder, is_null, exit, loop);
// 处理元组
if (seqstate->ss.ps.qual) {
// 编译过滤条件
LLVMValueRef qual_result = llvm_compile_expr(seqstate->ss.ps.qual,
tuple, builder);
// 如果条件为假,跳过
}
// 投影
LLVMValueRef result = llvm_compile_projection(seqstate->ss.ps.plan->targetlist,
tuple, builder);
LLVMBuildBr(builder, loop);
LLVMPositionBuilderAtEnd(builder, exit);
LLVMBuildRetVoid(builder);
return function;
}
// src/include/storage/column_store.h
typedef struct ColumnStoreDesc {
Oid relid; // 表OID
int ncolumns; // 列数
ColumnDesc *columns; // 列描述数组
BlockNumber npages; // 总页数
bool compressed; // 是否压缩
} ColumnStoreDesc;
typedef struct ColumnChunk {
ColumnStoreDesc *desc; // 列存储描述符
int col_id; // 列ID
int chunk_id; // Chunk ID
int nvalues; // 值数量
Datum *values; // 值数组(压缩格式)
bool *nulls; // NULL数组
int min_val; // 最小值(用于分区裁剪)
int max_val; // 最大值
int dict_size; // 字典大小(字典编码)
int *dictionary; // 字典
} ColumnChunk;
// 列扫描
typedef struct ColumnScanState {
ScanState ss;
ColumnStoreDesc *coldesc;
int current_chunk;
int chunk_row;
VectorTupleTableSlot *vecslot;
// 谓词下推
bool (*pushdown_filter)(struct ColumnScanState *node,
ExprState *qual);
} ColumnScanState;
// 列扫描执行
static TupleTableSlot *
ColumnScanNext(ColumnScanState *node) {
if (node->vecslot->ntuples == 0) {
// 读取下一个chunk
if (!read_next_column_chunk(node)) {
return ExecClearTuple(node->ss.ss_ScanTupleSlot);
}
}
// 向量化投影
for (int i = 0; i < node->coldesc->ncolumns; i++) {
Datum value = node->current_chunks[i]->values[node->chunk_row];
node->vecslot->values[i][node->vecslot->ntuples] = value;
}
node->vecslot->ntuples++;
node->chunk_row++;
if (node->vecslot->ntuples == VECTOR_SIZE) {
return (TupleTableSlot *)node->vecslot;
}
return ColumnScanNext(node);
}
// src/include/storage/auto_index.h
typedef struct IndexUsageStats {
Oid indexid;
int64 scans; // 扫描次数
int64 tuples_fetched; // 获取的元组数
int64 updates; // 更新次数
double avg_selectivity; // 平均选择性
TimestampTz last_used; // 最后使用时间
Size index_size; // 索引大小
} IndexUsageStats;
// 索引推荐器
typedef struct IndexRecommender {
List *workload; // 工作负载查询
HTAB *index_candidates; // 候选索引
double total_cost_no_index; // 无索引总代价
double total_cost_with_index; // 有索引总代价
// 机器学习模型
IndexSelectionModel *model;
} IndexRecommender;
// 自动索引优化
void auto_index_maintenance(void) {
// 1. 收集使用统计
List *unused_indexes = find_unused_indexes();
List *high_cost_queries = find_high_cost_queries();
// 2. 分析是否需要新索引
foreach(lc, high_cost_queries) {
Query *query = (Query *)lfirst(lc);
List *candidates = recommend_indexes_for_query(query);
foreach(lc2, candidates) {
IndexRecommendation *rec = (IndexRecommendation *)lfirst(lc2);
// 评估索引收益
double benefit = estimate_index_benefit(rec);
double maintenance_cost = estimate_index_maintenance_cost(rec);
if (benefit > maintenance_cost * BENEFIT_THRESHOLD) {
// 自动创建索引
char *sql = generate_create_index_ddl(rec);
execute_utility_command(sql);
pfree(sql);
}
}
}
// 3. 删除无用索引
foreach(lc, unused_indexes) {
IndexUsageStats *stats = (IndexUsageStats *)lfirst(lc);
if (stats->scans == 0 &&
stats->last_used < GetCurrentTimestamp() - UNUSED_THRESHOLD) {
char *sql = psprintf("DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY %s",
get_index_name(stats->indexid));
execute_utility_command(sql);
pfree(sql);
}
}
}
PostgreSQL 使用悲观锁(行锁),高并发更新场景竞争激烈。
// src/include/storage/optimistic_concurrency.h
typedef struct OptimisticTransaction {
TransactionId xid;
Snapshot snapshot;
HTAB *read_set; // 读集:已读的行版本
HTAB *write_set; // 写集:要修改的行
List *predicates; // 谓词锁
// 提交时的验证
bool (*validate)(struct OptimisticTransaction *otx);
} OptimisticTransaction;
// 乐观事务管理器
typedef struct OptimisticConcurrencyControl {
SLRU *version_store; // 版本存储
HTAB *active_transactions;// 活跃事务
LWLock *lock; // 保护数据结构
} OptimisticConcurrencyControl;
// 事务验证阶段
bool optimistic_validate(OptimisticTransaction *otx) {
bool valid = true;
// 验证读集
HASH_SEQ_STATUS status;
ReadSetEntry *entry;
hash_seq_init(&status, otx->read_set);
while ((entry = hash_seq_search(&status)) != NULL) {
// 检查读取的行是否被修改
HeapTupleHeader header = get_tuple_header(entry->tid);
TransactionId xmax = HeapTupleHeaderGetXmax(header);
if (TransactionIdIsValid(xmax) &&
TransactionIdFollows(xmax, otx->snapshot->xmin)) {
// 行已被修改,验证失败
valid = false;
break;
}
}
if (valid) {
// 验证成功,应用写集
hash_seq_init(&status, otx->write_set);
while ((entry = hash_seq_search(&status)) != NULL) {
apply_update(entry->tid, entry->new_tuple);
}
}
return valid;
}
// 乐观更新执行
static TM_Result
heap_optimistic_update(Relation relation, ItemPointer otid,
HeapTuple newtup, CommandId cid,
Snapshot snapshot, bool wait,
TM_FailureData *tmfd,
LockTupleMode *lockmode) {
// 记录到读集
add_to_read_set(CurrentOptimisticTransaction, otid);
// 记录到写集
add_to_write_set(CurrentOptimisticTransaction, otid, newtup);
return TM_Ok; // 延迟冲突检查
}
VACUUM 是单线程的,对大表清理慢。
// src/backend/commands/vacuumparallel.c
typedef struct ParallelVacuumState {
int nworkers; // 工作进程数
ParallelContext *pcxt; // 并行上下文
ParallelVacuumWorkerData *worker_data;
// 工作划分
BlockNumber start_block;
BlockNumber end_block;
int current_block;
LWLock *lock;
} ParallelVacuumState;
// 并行VACUUM主进程
void parallel_vacuum_rel(Relation onerel, VacuumParams *params) {
// 1. 确定并行度
int nworkers = determine_parallel_vacuum_degree(onerel);
// 2. 初始化并行执行
ParallelVacuumState *pvstate = create_parallel_vacuum(onerel, nworkers);
// 3. 启动工作进程
launch_parallel_workers(pvstate);
// 4. 动态负载均衡
while (pvstate->current_block <= pvstate->end_block) {
// 分配工作块
BlockNumber block_start, block_end;
LWLockAcquire(pvstate->lock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
block_start = pvstate->current_block;
pvstate->current_block += BLOCKS_PER_WORKER;
block_end = Min(pvstate->current_block, pvstate->end_block);
LWLockRelease(pvstate->lock);
if (block_start >= block_end)
break;
// 找到空闲工作进程
int worker = get_free_worker(pvstate);
if (worker >= 0) {
// 分配任务
assign_vacuum_range(pvstate, worker, block_start, block_end);
}
}
// 5. 等待所有工作进程完成
wait_for_workers(pvstate);
// 6. 合并结果
merge_vacuum_results(pvstate);
}
// 工作进程函数
void parallel_vacuum_worker(dsm_segment *seg, shm_toc *toc) {
// 获取共享状态
ParallelVacuumState *pvstate = shm_toc_lookup(toc, PARALLEL_VACUUM_KEY);
ParallelVacuumWorkerData *wdata = MyParallelWorkerData;
while (true) {
// 获取任务
VacuumTask task = get_next_task(pvstate, wdata->worker_id);
if (task.type == TASK_NONE)
break;
// 执行VACUUM
switch (task.type) {
case TASK_SCAN:
vacuum_scan_range(pvstate->onerel, task.start, task.end,
pvstate->params, wdata);
break;
case TASK_CLEANUP_INDEX:
vacuum_cleanup_index(pvstate->onerel, task.index_oid, wdata);
break;
}
// 报告进度
report_progress(pvstate, wdata->worker_id, task);
}
}
// src/include/storage/adaptive_buffer.h
typedef struct AdaptiveBufferPool {
int strategy; // 当前替换策略
double hit_rate; // 命中率
double scan_ratio; // 顺序扫描比例
int clock_hand; // Clock算法指针
// 多级缓冲
BufferDesc *l1_cache; // 热点数据
BufferDesc *l2_cache; // 温数据
BufferDesc *l3_cache; // 冷数据
// 机器学习预测器
AccessPredictor *predictor;
} AdaptiveBufferPool;
// 自适应页面替换
Buffer adaptive_buffer_alloc(void) {
BufferDesc *buf;
// 根据访问模式选择策略
if (AdaptiveBufferPool->scan_ratio > 0.3) {
// 顺序扫描模式,使用FIFO
buf = fifo_get_victim();
} else if (AdaptiveBufferPool->hit_rate < 0.8) {
// 低命中率,使用LRU-K
buf = lruk_get_victim();
} else {
// 高命中率,使用Clock
buf = clock_get_victim();
}
// 预测性预取
if (AdaptiveBufferPool->predictor) {
BlockNumber next_block = predict_next_access(buf->tag.blockNum);
if (next_block != InvalidBlockNumber) {
prefetch_buffer(next_block);
}
}
return buf;
}
// 基于AI的访问预测
BlockNumber predict_next_access(BlockNumber current) {
// 使用LSTM模型预测
AccessPattern pattern = extract_access_pattern(current);
float *features = extract_features(pattern);
float *prediction = lstm_predict(AdaptiveBufferPool->predictor->model,
features);
BlockNumber next = (BlockNumber)(prediction[0] * MAX_BLOCKS);
pfree(features);
pfree(prediction);
return next;
}
// src/include/storage/aiomgr.h
typedef struct AIORequest {
File file;
off_t offset;
size_t size;
char *buffer;
AIOCallback callback;
void *callback_data;
IOType type; // READ/WRITE
IOPriority priority; // 优先级
} AIORequest;
typedef struct AIOBatch {
int nrequests;
AIORequest *requests;
int completed;
ConditionVariable cv;
} AIOBatch;
// 向量化IO提交
int aio_submit_vector(int fd, struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt,
off_t offset, AIOCallback callback) {
// 使用Linux io_submit系统调用
struct iocb **iocbs = palloc(sizeof(struct iocb *) * iovcnt);
for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
struct iocb *iocb = palloc0(sizeof(struct iocb));
io_prep_preadv(iocb, fd, &iov[i], 1, offset);
iocb->data = callback_data;
iocbs[i] = iocb;
offset += iov[i].iov_len;
}
int ret = io_submit(aio_ctx, iovcnt, iocbs);
if (ret > 0) {
// 异步等待完成
aio_wait_completion(ret, iocbs, callback);
}
pfree(iocbs);
return ret;
}
// 在PostgreSQL缓冲池中使用
BufferDesc *
ReadBuffer_Async(Relation reln, ForkNumber forkNum, BlockNumber blockNum) {
BufferDesc *buf = BufferAlloc(reln, forkNum, blockNum);
if (!(buf->flags & BM_VALID)) {
// 准备异步读取
SMgrRelation smgr = RelationGetSmgr(reln);
off_t offset = blockNum * BLCKSZ;
// 创建IO向量
struct iovec iov = {
.iov_base = buf->data,
.iov_len = BLCKSZ
};
// 异步读取
aio_submit_vector(smgr->smgr_fd[forkNum], &iov, 1, offset,
buffer_io_complete_callback, buf);
// 标记为正在进行IO
buf->flags |= BM_IO_IN_PROGRESS;
// 返回,不等待
return buf;
}
return buf;
}
// src/include/catalog/sharding.h
typedef struct ShardMap {
Oid relid; // 表OID
int nshards; // 分片数
ShardInterval *intervals; // 分片区间
ShardPlacement *placements; // 分片位置
ShardKey *shard_key; // 分片键
} ShardMap;
typedef struct DistributedPlan {
Plan plan;
List *shard_queries; // 分片查询列表
bool pushdown_aggregation; // 聚合能否下推
bool pushdown_join; // 连接能否下推
List *merge_functions; // 合并函数
} DistributedPlan;
// 分布式查询执行
static TupleTableSlot *
DistributedSeqScanNext(DistributedScanState *node) {
if (node->current_shard >= list_length(node->shard_states)) {
return ExecClearTuple(node->ss.ss_ScanTupleSlot);
}
// 获取当前分片状态
ShardScanState *shard_state =
(ShardScanState *)list_nth(node->shard_states, node->current_shard);
// 从分片读取
TupleTableSlot *slot = ExecProcNode(&shard_state->scan_state);
if (TupIsNull(slot)) {
// 当前分片结束,切换到下一个
node->current_shard++;
return DistributedSeqScanNext(node);
}
return slot;
}
// 分片感知优化器
Plan *
shard_aware_planner(Query *parse, int cursorOptions,
ParamListInfo boundParams) {
// 检查是否为分片表
ShardMap *shard_map = get_shard_map(parse->resultRelation);
if (shard_map) {
// 生成分布式计划
DistributedPlan *dplan = makeNode(DistributedPlan);
// 为每个分片生成子计划
for (int i = 0; i < shard_map->nshards; i++) {
// 修改查询,添加分片过滤条件
Query *shard_query = apply_shard_filter(parse, shard_map, i);
// 优化分片查询
Plan *shard_plan = standard_planner(shard_query, ...);
dplan->shard_queries = lappend(dplan->shard_queries, shard_plan);
}
// 添加合并节点
dplan->plan.lefttree = (Plan *)make_merge_node(dplan);
return (Plan *)dplan;
}
// 非分片表,走标准优化
return standard_planner(parse, ...);
}
// src/include/storage/pmem.h
typedef struct PMemPool {
void *addr; // 内存映射地址
size_t size; // 池大小
int is_devdax; // 是否是DAX设备
char *path; // 文件系统路径
} PMemPool;
// PMEM缓冲池
typedef struct PMemBufferPool {
PMemPool *pool;
Size total_size;
Size used_size;
dlist_head free_list;
HTAB *page_table; // 页表
} PMemBufferPool;
// 使用PMEM作为WAL缓冲区
void pmem_wal_init(void) {
// 创建PMEM池
PMemPool *wal_pool = pmem_pool_create("/pmem/wal",
PMEM_WAL_SIZE);
// 替代传统WAL缓冲区
XLogCtl->wal_buffer = pmem_pool_alloc(wal_pool,
XLOG_SEG_SIZE * XLogCtl->XLogCacheBlck);
// 使用clwb指令而不是fsync
XLogCtl->write_method = PMEM_WRITE;
}
// PMEM感知的页面写入
static void pmem_write_buffer(char *buffer, int count) {
// 使用非临时存储指令
for (int i = 0; i < count; i += CACHELINE_SIZE) {
_mm_clwb(buffer + i); // 冲刷缓存行
}
// 不需要fsync
_mm_sfence(); // 内存屏障
}
// src/include/executor/gpu_executor.h
typedef struct GPUHashJoinState {
HashJoinState js; // 继承哈希连接状态
bool use_gpu; // 是否使用GPU
void *gpu_build_table; // GPU端构建表
void *gpu_probe_table; // GPU端探测表
void *gpu_hash_table; // GPU端哈希表
CUstream stream; // CUDA流
} GPUHashJoinState;
// GPU哈希连接
static TupleTableSlot *
ExecGPUHashJoin(GPUHashJoinState *node) {
if (!node->use_gpu) {
// 回退到CPU执行
return ExecHashJoinImpl(&node->js);
}
// 1. 将构建表传输到GPU
if (!node->gpu_build_table) {
node->gpu_build_table = gpu_transfer_table(node->js.hashqualclauses,
node->js.hashkeys);
}
// 2. 在GPU上构建哈希表
if (!node->gpu_hash_table) {
node->gpu_hash_table = gpu_build_hash_table(node->gpu_build_table,
node->js.hashkey);
}
// 3. 批量传输探测表
int batch_size = 1024;
VectorTupleTableSlot *batch = get_next_probe_batch(node, batch_size);
if (batch->ntuples > 0) {
void *gpu_batch = gpu_transfer_batch(batch);
// 4. GPU哈希连接
void *gpu_result = gpu_hash_join(node->gpu_hash_table, gpu_batch);
// 5. 传输结果回CPU
VectorTupleTableSlot *result = gpu_fetch_result(gpu_result);
// 6. 清理GPU内存
gpu_free(gpu_batch);
gpu_free(gpu_result);
return (TupleTableSlot *)result;
}
return ExecClearTuple(node->js.js.ps.ps_ResultTupleSlot);
}
以优化排序操作为例,具体代码修改:
// src/backend/utils/sort/tuplesort.c
// 优化1:向量化比较
static int
vectorized_compare_heap(const SortTuple *a, const SortTuple *b,
Tuplesortstate *state, int count) {
// 批量比较,利用SIMD
if (state->sortKeys->ssup_attno == 1 &&
state->sortKeys->ssup_collation == 0) {
// 整数排序,使用SIMD
return vectorized_int_compare(a, b, count);
}
// 回退到标量比较
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
int cmp = ApplySortComparator(a[i].datum1, a[i].isnull1,
b[i].datum1, b[i].isnull1,
state->sortKeys);
if (cmp != 0) return cmp;
}
return 0;
}
// 优化2:并行归并排序
static void
parallel_tuplesort(Tuplesortstate *state) {
// 1. 划分工作
int nworkers = get_tuplesort_parallel_degree(state);
if (nworkers > 1 && state->status == TSS_INITIAL) {
// 2. 启动并行排序
ParallelTuplesortState *pstate =
tuplesort_start_parallel(state, nworkers);
// 3. 每个工作进程排序一部分数据
for (int i = 0; i < nworkers; i++) {
launch_parallel_sorter(pstate, i);
}
// 4. 并行归并
parallel_merge(pstate);
state->status = TSS_SORTEDINMEM;
} else {
// 回退到串行排序
inittapes(state);
mergeruns(state);
mergeonerun(state);
}
}
基准测试套件扩展:
-- 添加新的性能测试
CREATE EXTENSION pgbench_custom;
-- 向量化测试
SELECT * FROM run_vectorized_test('vectorized_scan', 1000000);
-- 并发测试
SELECT * FROM run_concurrent_test('high_update', 100);
-- 分布式测试
SELECT * FROM run_sharding_test('distributed_join', 10);
回归测试:
A/B测试框架:
// 自动对比新旧版本性能
typedef struct ABTestResult {
char *test_name;
double old_version_time;
double new_version_time;
double speedup;
bool passed; // 是否通过正确性检查
} ABTestResult;
List *run_ab_tests(void) {
List *results = NIL;
List *test_cases = load_test_cases();
foreach(lc, test_cases) {
TestCase *tc = (TestCase *)lfirst(lc);
// 运行旧版本
double old_time = run_with_optimization(tc, false);
// 运行新版本
double new_time = run_with_optimization(tc, true);
// 验证结果一致性
bool consistent = verify_result_consistency(tc);
ABTestResult *result = palloc(sizeof(ABTestResult));
result->test_name = tc->name;
result->old_version_time = old_time;
result->new_version_time = new_time;
result->speedup = old_time / new_time;
result->passed = consistent;
results = lappend(results, result);
}
return results;
}
PostgreSQL 内核优化需要深入理解其架构和代码,建议从阅读关键模块源码开始,逐步进行实验性修改。每个优化都需要充分的测试验证,确保不破坏现有的功能和性能。